Childhood Illnesses Communicable Diseases

Childhood Illnesses Communicable Diseases

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Jessica Day Publicly shared lessons written by Illinois CTE teachers that participated in the June 15 and 16 PL sessions sponsored by the ILCTE Innovative Curriculum Resources Project. These lessons have not been edited, revised or formatted by the ILCTE project team. Please feel free to use or adjust for your needs.

Illinois CTE Endorsement Area: Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources

Lesson Title: Childhood Illnesses Communicable Diseases

Lesson Author: Jessica Day

ILCTE Leader and Lesson Consultant: Linda Walker

Lesson Overview:

Students will be able to identify common methods of disease transmission.

Students will be able to identify common childhood illnesses.

Students will be able to list the steps of universal infection control , hand washing, diapering procedures, sanitation procedures, and safe room arrangement.

Students will be able to identify symptoms that require exclusion from a childcare facility.

Students will be able to utilize technology resources to create a visually appealing informational flyer.

Students will be able to discuss the impact the childhood illnesses have an childcare facilities , families, and communities.

Date 5/15/20

Length of Lesson: 5 days

Course Early Childhood Education or Health and Safety of Children

Unit/Theme: Childhood Illnesses Communicable Diseases

Teacher Name Jessica Day

Standard(s): FACS

Implement basic health practices and prevention procedures for workers and learners regarding illness, communicable diseases, accidents, and trauma.

National Standard

4.4.6

NAEYC Standards 1 a, c, d

Observing, documenting, and assessing to support young children and families.

Content Objective(s): Students will be able to identify common methods of disease transmission. Students will be able to identify common childhood illnesses. Students will be able to list the steps of universal infection control , hand washing, diapering procedures, sanitation procedures, and safe room arrangement. Students will be able to identify symptoms that require exclusion from a childcare facility. Students will be able to utilize technology resources to create a visually appealing informational flyer. Students will be able to discuss the impact the childhood illnesses have an childcare facilities , families, and communities.

Misconceptions to address:

Key Vocabulary: Communicable disease: Illnesses that can be transmitted or spread from one person or animal to another Pathogen: A microorganism , such as bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite Immunized: Airborne transmission : Disease causing pathogens that are carried on tiny droplets of moisture that are expelled during coughs, sneezes, or while talking. The most common form of transmission Fecal- oral transmission : Disease causing pathogens that are passed from fecal matter to the mouth. The second most common form of transmission Direct contact: The third most common method of transmission that occurs when body fluids, such as blood or mucus, or an infected area on another person’s body comes in contact with another individual

Illness only happens to “dirty” people. Illness only impacts those who are sick. Being reactive is the best way to manage illness. Illness is not specific to race, gender, or socio-economic status. Illness effects families proportionately.

Indirect contact: The transfer of infectious organisms from an infected individual to an intermediate object, such as water, milk, dust, food, toys, towels, eating utensils, animals, or insects, and finally to the new susceptible host

Important Materials Needed: Quick Guide to Childhood Illnesses British Columbia Centre for Disease Control http://www.bccdc.ca/resource-gallery/Documents/Guidelines%20and%20Forms/Guidelines%20and%20Manuals/Epid/Other/Epid_GF_childhood_quickguide_may_09.pdf Illinois Infant/Toddler daily sanitation guide https://www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?item=51494#:~:text=Wash%20all%20toys%20with%20soap,for%20each%20child%20for%20bathing.

Lesson Differentiation: ✔ Make a flip grid with the instructor or students modeling the symptoms of an assigned illness. Have other students identify what illness is being portrayed and mode of transmission. ✔ Students can make an informational flyer on Canva or Word to utilize technology or can hand-draw their submission if they do not have access to a computer or internet. ✔ Jumble steps for diapering, universal precautions, and handwashing and have students collaboratively put them in order. You can do this remotely in Zoom breakout rooms and have team leader submit the final document when finished for a prize. ✔ Make scenario cards with symptoms of common childhood illnesses which students will use to draft a parent letter what illness they suspect the child is affected with, inform parent/guardian of symptoms, the exclusion policy, and highlight which procedure(s) will need to be emphasized to the staff if there is a positive diagnosis.

Lesson Sequence:

Formative Assessment / Key Questions During Lesson

Looking at the word “communicable”, what do you think it means? The novel coronavirus is a communicable disease, what safety precautions have people take in to avoid exposure? How is it spread? What other illnesses are communicable?

Engage

Start the lesson by engaging students in discussion about what previous knowledge they possess regarding communicable diseases, spread, and prevention. Follow-up by presenting definitions of communicable disease, pathogen, immunized, airborne transmission, fecal oral transmission, direct contact, and indirect contact.

How exactly do children spread common communicable diseases?”. Think about a child's typical day, how do germs spread via direct, indirect, airborne, or fecal orally?

Explore Using meti.com, a whiteboard, or other whiteboard application, students will answer the question “How exactly do children spread common communicable diseases?”.

Students will be provided pictures of common childhood illnesses and match them with the symptoms associated with them.

Why is (insert procedure) hazardous? What steps would you need to clean up blood? What steps would you need to change a diaper? Wash hands? Clean? Sanitize? What materials would you need for each procedure?

Explain Using information from the student responses about how communicable diseases are spread, students will start to brainstorm procedures such as universal infection control, how and when to wash hands, cleaning, diapering, and sanitation to reduce transmission as well as the exclusion policy in childcare facilities.

Elaborate

Visually appealing informational flyer listing steps of procedure. Pictures should be from open sources.

Students will create a Canva/word document informational flyer on procedures such as universal infection control, how and when to wash hands, cleaning, diapering, and sanitation to reduce transmission.

What issues might this create for families? What would be included in a follow up plan if there is a positive diagnosis? Why is it important to build strong relationships with families , especially in situations like these?

Evaluate

Students will be given an illness to act out. Their classmates will have to identify the illness and create a parent letter that includes what illness they suspect the child is affected with, inform parent/guardian of symptoms, the exclusion policy, and highlight which procedure(s) will need to be emphasized to the staff if there is a positive diagnosis.

EXCLUSION POLICY Control of communicable illness among the children is a prime concern. Policies and guidelines related to outbreaks of communicable illness in this center have been developed with the help of the health department and local pediatricians. In order to protect the entire group of children, as well as your own child, we ask that families assist us by keeping children who are ill at home if they have experienced any of the following symptoms within the past 24 hours:

✔ fever over 100 0 F (37.8 0 C) orally or 99 0 F (37.2 0 C) axillary (under the arm) ✔ signs of a newly developing cold or uncontrollable coughing ✔ diarrhea, vomiting, or an upset stomach ✔ unusual or unexplained loss of appetite, fatigue, irritability, or headache ✔ any discharge or drainage from eyes, nose, ears, or open sores

Children who become ill with any of these symptoms will be sent home. We appreciate your cooperation with this policy. If you have any questions about whether or not your child is well enough to attend school or group care that day, please call before bringing your child.

Match each of the following signs and symptoms in Column I with the correct communicable illness in Column Il.

Column Il

Column I

1.

swelling and redness of white portion of the eye

a) chickenpox

2.

frequent itching of the scalp

b)

strep throat

3.

flat, oval-shaped lesions on the scalp, skin; infected nails that become discolored, brittle, chalky, and may disintegrate

c) d)

head lice shigellosis

4.

high fever; red, sore throat

e)

conjunctivitis

5.

mild fever and rash that lasts approximately 3 days

ringworm

f)

6.

irritability and itching of the rectal area

g)

German measles

7.

red rash with blister-like heads; cold-like symptoms

h)

scabies

8.

sudden onset of fever; swelling of salivary glands

i)

pinworms

9.

burrows or linear tunnels under the skin; intense itching

j)

mumps

10.

vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea that may be bloody

k)

Lyme Disease

Universal Precautions for Handling Body Fluids

Whenever handling body fluids or items contaminated with body fluids, be sure to:

✔ Wear disposable gloves when you are likely to have contact with blood or other body fluids (e.g., vomitus, urine, feces, or saliva). ✔ Remove glove by grasping the cuff and pulling it off inside out. ✔ Wash hands thoroughly. (Lather for at least 30 seconds.)

✔

✔ Dispose of contaminated materials properly. Seal soiled clothing in plastic bags to be laundered at home. Dispose of diapers by tying them securely in garbage bags. Place broken glass in a designated container.

✔ Clean all surfaces with an approved disinfectant or chlorine bleach solution (check product label and mix fresh daily). ✔ Subsidize the cost of hepatitis B immunizations for all employees.

How and When to Wash Hands

●

Pull down paper towel.

● Turn on the water; wet hands and wrists under warm, running water. ● Apply soap and lather hands to loosen dirt and bacteria. ● Rub hands and wrists vigorously for a minimum of 20 seconds. Friction helps to remove microorganisms and dirt. (Have children sing the entire ABC or similar song while rubbing their hands with soap.) ● Pay special attention to rubbing soap on the backs of hands, between fingers, and around fingernails ● Rinse hands thoroughly under running water to remove dirt and soap. Hold hands higher than wrists to prevent recontamination. Leave the water running. ● Dry hand and arms carefully with paper towel. ● Use the paper towel to turn off water faucets. (This prevents hands from becoming contaminated again) ● Open bathroom door with paper towel and discard it in an appropriate receptacle.

● Correct hand washing technique should always be used: ● upon arrival or return to the classroom ● before handling food or food utensils ● before and after feeding children ● before and after administering medication ● after changing diapers or handling items contaminated with mucus, urine, feces, vomitus, or blood ● after personally using the restroom ● after cleaning up from snack or play activities, emptying garbage, handling pets, or using art materials such as clay and paint ● after touching animals or playing in sand and dirt

Sanitary Diapering Procedures The consistent implementation of sanitary diapering procedures is important for reducing the spread of disease. Teachers should follow these steps:

●

Organize and label all supplies.

● Have all items for diaper changing within reach. ● Place a disposable covering (paper towel, paper roll) over a firm changing surface. Do not change children on fabric chairs or sofas that could become soiled. ● If using gloves, put them on. ● Pick up the child, holding him away from your clothing to avoid contamination. ● Place the child on the paper surface; fasten security belt. Remove the child's clothing and shoes if necessary to prevent them from becoming soiled. ● Remove the soiled diaper. Place disposable diapers in a covered, plastic-lined receptacle designated for this purpose; seal cloth diapers in a plastic bag and send home to be laundered. ● Clean the child's bottom with a disposable wipe and place the wipe in receptacle; pat skin dry with a paper towel. ● Remove the paper lining from beneath the child and discard. ● Wash your hands or wipe with a clean disposable wipe and discard. Never leave the child alone. ● Wash the child's hands under running water. ● Diaper and redress the child. Return the child to a play area. ● Disinfect the changing surface and any supplies or equipment that was touched with a chlorine bleach solution or other approved disinfectant. ● Remove gloves (if worn) and wash your hands again.

Example Parent Letter:

Date:

Dear Parent or Guardian,

Someone in our childcare center has been diagnosed with impetigo. Your child may have been exposed.

Impetigo is a common skin infection caused by bacteria. Impetigo begins as small red spots that turn into tiny blisters. When the blisters open, they produce a thick, honey-colored discharge that dries, crusts, and sticks to the skin. The blisters are painful and itch. The infection most often appears on the face, especially around the mouth and the nose, but may also appear on other areas of the body. Impetigo is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or by coming in contact with items contaminated with the bacteria, such as toys, towels, or pillowcases. If you believe your child may have impetigo, contact your health care provider. Please notify us if a diagnosis of impetigo is made. Children with impetigo must stay home from childcare or school for at least 24 hours. They may return after antibiotic treatment has begun and there is no more discharge from the sores. Hand washing is an effective method of preventing the spread of germs, including impetigo. Discourage the sharing of personal articles such as towels, linens, and clothing. Cleaning and sanitizing surfaces and items that may be soiled with body fluids is also important. Our employees have received training on proper hand washing as well as cleaning and sanitizing childcare environments.

We encourage and assist your children with proper hand washing techniques and good hygiene. If you have additional questions you may contact a Public Health Nurse in Communicable Disease at the Madison County Health Department at 1(800) 222-1234.

Respectfully,